Growing up is a difficult process for many of us, especially during puberty. Your body starts to change in ways you haven’t experienced, which can make you feel uncomfortable.
But instead of being told that this discomfort sometimes happens and usually goes away during adolescence, many children today are told that their discomfort is a sign that they might be the “wrong” sex and that they should try to change their bodies to look like the opposite sex.
In response, states across the country are passing laws protecting children from harmful, irreversible, and potentially sterilizing medical procedures being pushed by activists to stop children’s natural biological development.
Idaho is one such state. In 2023, the Idaho legislature passed the Vulnerable Child Protection Act (VCPA), protecting children who feel uncomfortable with their sex from harmful and experimental drugs and procedures. But activists challenged the VCPA, so Idaho Attorney General Raúl Labrador, with the assistance of attorneys from Alliance Defending Freedom and Cooper & Kirk, stepped up to defend his state’s law.
What is the Vulnerable Child Protection Act?
The Idaho legislature recognized that body-altering procedures to address gender dysphoria among children “can cause irreversible physical alterations,” such as making “the patient sterile” or causing “lifelong sexual dysfunction,” and that some of these procedures “mutilate healthy body organs.” So Idaho enacted the VCPA to protect children from those harms.
The law supports children’s natural biological development by limiting procedures like puberty-blocking drugs, hormone injections, and body-altering surgeries, including surgeries that sterilize, mutilate, or remove healthy body parts and genitalia or construct artificial genitals. Idaho recognizes that such procedures can harm children who have been diagnosed with gender dysphoria or who otherwise feel uncomfortable with their sex.
The law makes exceptions for cases in which such procedures are needed for the child’s physical health, such as the treatment of a disease or injury, or if they have a genetically verified disorder of sexual development.
Activists challenged the VCPA
Activists challenged Idaho’s commonsense legislation in May 2023, and a district court blocked the state from enforcing its entire law.
The Office of the Idaho Attorney General, with the assistance of ADF and Cooper & Kirk, appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit in January, asking the court to allow the law to take effect while the case proceeded. But the 9th Circuit denied the request in two unreasoned orders.
Idaho then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, asking the High Court to narrow the district court’s order to cover only the individuals challenging the law. In April 2024, the Supreme Court granted the application, narrowing the district court’s order and allowing Idaho to otherwise enforce its law while the case proceeded in lower courts.
Children must be protected
While the science around medical procedures meant to treat gender dysphoria is relatively new, it is becoming increasingly clear that such procedures only harm children.
- According to the Endocrine Society, about 85 percent of children with diagnosed gender dysphoria do not continue to experience dysphoria or incongruence through adolescence.
- European countries including Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Britain that once pioneered medicalized transition for minors have been reversing course, finding the mounting evidence to be increasingly unfavorable.
- And as a recent New York Times article has shown, many youth who undergo medicalized transitions come to regret it later.
Thankfully, in June 2025, both parties agreed to a joint dismissal of the lawsuit that allows Idaho to fully enforce its law. The state is now free to protect children, families, and biological reality.
Another Supreme Court victory helps protect children
Tennessee passed a law like Idaho’s that protects children experiencing discomfort with their biological sex from life-altering drugs and surgeries. But in 2023, the ACLU sued the state of Tennessee over its law, and the Biden administration intervened.
The case, United States v. Skrmetti, made it all the way to the Supreme Court, where the Tennessee Attorney General’s office, led by Jonathan Skrmetti, defended of the law. And in June 2025, the High Court ruled that Tennessee could enforce its law protecting children.
This ruling allows laws in Tennessee, Idaho, and 25 other states to protect children from experimental treatments in the name of gender ideology. Every child deserves to be kept safe from harmful drugs and surgeries, and states can confidently protect children from this danger of gender ideology moving forward.
Labrador v. Poe
- April 2023: Idaho Gov. Brad Little signed the Vulnerable Child Protection Act into law.
- May 2023: Activists filed a complaint challenging Idaho’s commonsense law, followed by a motion for preliminary injunction in August.
- December 2023: A federal district court blocked the entirety of Idaho’s law despite that action being unnecessary. Idaho filed an emergency motion for stay pending appeal with the 9th Circuit.
- January 2024: In a one-sentence unreasoned order, the 9th Circuit denied Idaho’s emergency application.
- February 2024: The 9th Circuit denied a motion for the en banc court to reconsider the panel’s prior stay ruling. Idaho then filed an emergency application for stay pending appeal with the U.S. Supreme Court, asking it to narrow the district court’s order to cover only the individuals challenging the law.
- April 2024: The Supreme Court narrowed the district court’s ruling, allowing Idaho to protect children as the case proceeds.
- August 2024: ADF attorneys participated in oral argument at the 9th Circuit, asking the court to allow Idaho to fully enforce its law.
- June 2025: Both parties agreed to a joint dismissal of the lawsuit, allowing Idaho to fully enforce its law protecting children.
